Bird Introduction-European Robin

The European robin, known simply as the robin or robin redbreast in Great Britain & Ireland, is a small insectivorous passerine bird that belongs to the chat subfamily of the Old World flycatcher family.

欧洲知更鸟（英语：European robin），在大不列颠爱尔兰简称为知更鸟或知更鸟，是一种小型食虫雀形目鸟类，属于旧大陆霸鹟家族的聊天亚科。
欧洲知更鸟（英语：European robin），在大不列颠爱尔兰简称为知更鸟或知更鸟，是一种小型食虫雀形目鸟类，属于旧大陆霸鹟家族的聊天亚科。

European Robin:鸟类介绍-欧洲知更鸟：
鸟类介绍-欧洲知更鸟：

The male and female European Robin are similar in coloration, with an orange breast and face lined with grey, brown upper parts, and a whitish belly. The juvenile is very different, with bold pale buffy spotting on the back and breast. Found in a wide range of wooded habitats, including forests, gardens, hedges in farmland, and heathland, usually fairly near cover. Hops perkily on the ground, pausing to look around, often flicking its wings and cocking its tail.
雄性和雌性欧洲知更鸟的体色相似，胸部和面部为橙子，上部为灰色和棕色，腹部为白色。幼鱼非常不同，背部和胸部有明显的淡黄色斑点。广泛分布于树木繁茂的栖息地，包括森林、花园、农田的树篱和石南荒原，通常相当接近覆盖物。在地面上活泼地跳跃，停下来环顾四周，经常拍打翅膀，翘起尾巴。
雄性和雌性欧洲知更鸟的体色相似，胸部和面部为橙子，上部为灰色和棕色，腹部为白色。幼鱼非常不同，背部和胸部有明显的淡黄色斑点。广泛分布于树木繁茂的栖息地，包括森林、花园、农田的树篱和石南荒原，通常相当接近覆盖物。在地面上活泼地跳跃，停下来环顾四周，经常拍打翅膀，翘起尾巴。

The term robin is also applied to some birds in other families with red or orange breasts. These include the American robin, a thrush, and the Australasian robins of the family Petroicidae.
知更鸟一词也适用于其他科的一些胸部呈红色或橙子的鸟类。这些包括美洲知更鸟，画眉，和澳大利亚知更鸟的家庭岩。
知更鸟一词也适用于其他科的一些胸部呈红色或橙子的鸟类。这些包括美洲知更鸟，画眉，和澳大利亚知更鸟的家庭岩。

Basic Info：基本信息：基本信息：

Scientific Name: Erithacus rubecula科学名称：n.红绒蛛科学名称：n.红绒蛛

Lifespan: 13 months (on average)寿命：13个月（平均）寿命：13个月（平均）

Size: 4.72-5.51 inches尺寸：4.72-5.51英寸尺寸：4.72-5.51英寸

Weight: 0.56-0.78 ounces重量：0.56-0.78盎司重量：0.56-0.78盎司

Wingspan: 8–8.5 inches翼展：8-8.5英寸翼展：8-8.5英寸

European Robin Distribution and Habitat:欧洲知更鸟分布及栖息地：
欧洲知更鸟分布及栖息地：

The robin occurs in Eurasia east to Western Siberia, south to Algeria, and on the Atlantic islands as far west as the Central Group of the Azores and Madeira. In the southeast, it reaches Iran the Caucasus range. Irish and British robins are largely resident but a small minority, usually female, migrate to southern Europe during winter, a few as far as Spain. Scandinavian and Russian robins migrate to Britain and western Europe to escape the harsher winters.
知更鸟分布于欧亚大陆，东至西西伯利亚，南至阿尔及利亚，西至亚速尔群岛和马德拉群岛的大西洋岛屿。在东南部，它到达伊朗的高加索山脉。爱尔兰和英国的知更鸟大部分都是当地居民，但也有一小部分，通常是雌性，在冬季迁徙到南欧，少数甚至远至西班牙。斯堪的纳维亚和俄罗斯的知更鸟迁徙到英国和西欧以躲避严酷的冬天。
知更鸟分布于欧亚大陆，东至西西伯利亚，南至阿尔及利亚，西至亚速尔群岛和马德拉群岛的大西洋岛屿。在东南部，它到达伊朗的高加索山脉。爱尔兰和英国的知更鸟大部分都是当地居民，但也有一小部分，通常是雌性，在冬季迁徙到南欧，少数甚至远至西班牙。斯堪的纳维亚和俄罗斯的知更鸟迁徙到英国和西欧以躲避严酷的冬天。

The continental European robins that migrate during winter prefer spruce woods in northern Europe, contrasting with its preference for parks and gardens in Great Britain.
冬季迁徙的欧洲大陆知更鸟更喜欢北方的云杉林，与其对英国公园和花园的偏好形成鲜明对比。
冬季迁徙的欧洲大陆知更鸟更喜欢北方的云杉林，与其对英国公园和花园的偏好形成鲜明对比。

European Robin Breeding:欧洲知更鸟育种：
欧洲知更鸟育种：

Robins may choose a wide variety of sites for building a nest. In fact, anything which can offer some shelter, like a depression or hole, may be considered. As well as the usual crevices, or sheltered banks, other objects include pieces of machinery, barbecues, bicycle handlebars, bristles on upturned brooms, discarded kettles, watering cans, flower pots, and hats. Robins will also nest in manmade nest boxes, favoring a design with an open front placed.
知更鸟可以选择各种各样的地点筑巢。事实上，任何可以提供一些庇护的东西，比如凹陷或洞，都可以考虑。除了常见的裂缝或遮蔽的堤岸，其他物品还包括机器零件、烧烤架、自行车车把、倒扫帚上的刷毛、废弃的水壶、喷壶、花盆和帽子。知更鸟也会在人造巢箱中筑巢，喜欢前面敞开的设计。
知更鸟可以选择各种各样的地点筑巢。事实上，任何可以提供一些庇护的东西，比如凹陷或洞，都可以考虑。除了常见的裂缝或遮蔽的堤岸，其他物品还包括机器零件、烧烤架、自行车车把、倒扫帚上的刷毛、废弃的水壶、喷壶、花盆和帽子。知更鸟也会在人造巢箱中筑巢，喜欢前面敞开的设计。

Two or three clutches of five or six eggs are laid throughout the breeding season, which commences in March in Britain and Ireland. The eggs are cream, buff, or white speckled or blotched with a reddish-brown color, often more heavily so at the larger end.